为探索不同类型耐盐植物在盐胁迫下体内渗透调节机制,以沙柳、沙枣、柽柳和西伯利亚白刺为研究材料,研究了不同盐浓度(0、100、200、300 mmol·L-1NaCl)处理下4种耐盐植物体内无机离子和有机溶质含量的变化,比较了其在植物渗透调节中的作用。结果表明:(1)盐处理后4种植物体内Na+、Cl-含量均上升,K+、Ca2+、Mg2+离子含量呈下降趋势;(2)稀盐型盐生植物白刺与泌盐型盐生植物柽柳以Na+为主要无机渗透调节物质,拒盐型耐盐植物沙枣与沙柳以K+为主要无机渗透调节物质;(3)可溶性糖是4种植物盐胁迫下共同的有机渗透调节物质,对沙柳和沙枣尤为重要;在高盐浓度(≥ 200 mmol·L-1NaCl)下,脯氨酸是沙枣叶片中重要的有机渗透调节剂;白刺叶片中甜菜碱含量随盐浓度升高明显增加,对提高白刺耐盐能力具有重要作用。4种不同类型耐盐植物在盐渍环境胁迫下所积累的渗透调节物质种类与数量差异明显,渗透调节方式与耐盐机制不同。

以野生唐古特白刺的茎段、叶片为外植体,研究了NaClO对外植体的消毒效果和激素2,4-D、NAA和6-BA对愈伤组织诱导及愈伤组织形态的影响,并利用疏松型愈伤组织建立了白刺悬浮细胞系,对其生长特征进行了分析。结果表明:对茎段和叶片用2%的NaClO消毒10 min最适宜,时间过长或过短均会影响成活率;3种激素对愈伤组织的相对生长量和形态均有影响,其中,2,4-D是主要影响因子,且茎段诱导出的愈伤组织相对生长量比叶片的高;根据愈伤组织的生长速度和形态,适宜用浅黄色疏松型愈伤组织构建唐古特白刺悬浮细胞系,最佳试验组合为MS+2,4-D 1.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1+6-BA 0.4 mg·L-1,最佳继代接种量为7.5 mL母液,生长曲线呈"S"型,培养第7天细胞分裂指数达最大值(5.1%),培养第3天细胞活力最强(吸光值为0.69),存活率在细胞生长延迟期和稳定期较对数期下降略快,但均保持在84% 93%间。

[Objective]To further understand the ion metabolism characteristics of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. under NaCl stress.[Method]The seedlings of two E. angustifolia L. provenances, which were Alaer (salt tolerance provenance) and Yinchuan (salt sensitive provenance), were treated by three NaCl concentrations (0,150,300 mmol·L-1) and sampled at the 7th day and the 30th day to measure the Na+ , K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents, K+/Na+ ratio and selective absorption and transportation of K+ in tissues (roots, stems and leaves). [Result]The results showed that the Na+ content in the organizations of E. angustifolia L. sharply increased with the increase of NaCl concentration. With prolonging of stress time, the Na+ content increased in roots, and decreased in stems and leaves. After seedlings of the two provenances were treated with 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl for 7 days, the Na+ content was 2.10 times and 2.23 times in leaves, respectively, compared with the control groups, and was 1.79 times and 1.57 times in root. Meanwhile, the difference between two provenances showed a expanding trend with the increase of NaCl concentration and stress time. With the increase of NaCl concentration and extension of stress time, the K+ content, Ca2+ content and K+/Na+ ratio in organizations decreased gradually. Meanwhile, the Alaer provenance seedlings accumulated more Na+ in roots and less Na+ in leaves than that of Yinchuan provenance, and the K+ content, Ca2+ content and K+/Na+ ratio decreased less in the Alaer provenance seedlings than those of Yinchuan provenance. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the Mg2+ content in leaf gradually decrease, but the Mg2+ content in root increased 22.8~64.4% after salt stress for 7 days, and Alaer provenance seedlings increased more than Yinchuan provenance. After 30 days, there was non-significant difference with the control group on the Mg2+ content of root. K+ selective absorption of E. angustifolia L. seedlings significantly increased with increasing salt concentration of the media at the 7th days, whereas not obvious at the 30th days. When the concentration of NaCl in the media increased, the change of K+ selective transportation was not significant. [Conclusion]E. angustifolia L. seedlings increase Mg2+ content and K+ selective absorption in the roots at the early stage of salt stress to adapt saline environment. The salt-tolerance E. angustifolia L. provenance can cut off more Na+ in roots and reduce Na+ content in leaves, which cause less K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents loss, especially the roots and leaves, so as to ensure that all kinds of metabolisms can go well.

以唐古特白刺悬浮细胞为研究对象,对比分析了不同盐(NaCl)浓度(0、100、150、200、250 mmol·L-1)胁迫下细胞生长状态和可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)等生理生化指标随培养时间的动态变化及其相关性。结果表明:(1)盐胁迫对白刺悬浮细胞生长状态影响明显,细胞生长符合Logistic生长曲线模型,其中,盐浓度100 mmol·L-1胁迫下白刺悬浮细胞生长速度最快,之后随着盐浓度的增加细胞生长逐渐受抑。(2)盐胁迫对白刺细胞生理生化指标影响明显,在培养初期,各指标随盐浓度的增加而增加,但随着培养时间的延长这种趋势逐渐减弱,其中,脯氨酸、SOD、MDA含量在培养过程中逐渐表现为随盐浓度的增加呈先增高后降低的趋势;在相同盐浓度胁迫下,渗透调节指标中,可溶性糖含量随培养时间的延长最先达到最大值,抗氧化酶中的SOD较POD更早达到最大值,分别是渗透调节和抗氧化酶调节的第一道防线。(3)白刺细胞鲜质量分别与可溶性糖、丙二醛含量呈极显著和显著负相关,各生理指标之间的相关性均达极显著正相关,表明盐胁迫下白刺细胞内生理生化的平衡是通过多种物质的协同作用来调节的。

目的 应用¹⁵N自然丰度法研究盐胁迫条件下沙枣的生物固氮能力，并探讨几个耐盐树种的氮素分配情况。 方法 通过耐盐树种的室内砂培试验，确定盐渍生境条件下以空气氮为唯一氮源的沙枣¹⁵N相对丰度B值及其适宜的参比植物；估测室内和野外盐渍生境中沙枣的生物固氮能力；并通过测定碳、氮、磷元素含量探讨了几种耐盐树种的氮素分配情况。 结果 室内盐胁迫砂培试验条件下，沙枣的B值为-1.41‰；柽柳和白蜡可作为沙枣的参比植物；沙枣的生物固氮百分率为55.03%。野外中度盐渍环境中，沙枣生物固氮百分率为69.69%。试验条件下，沙枣、柽柳和白蜡3个耐盐树种中，沙枣植株及其叶、茎、根含氮量最高，且与其它树种差异显著（P < 0.05）；沙枣植株氮/碳含量比以及氮/磷含量比最高；沙枣叶、茎和根的氮/磷含量比最高。野外中度盐渍环境中，沙枣叶的氮/碳含量比以及氮/磷含量比均为最高。 结论 ¹⁵N自然丰度法可用于研究盐胁迫条件下沙枣的生物固氮能力，柽柳和白蜡可作为参比植物；沙枣在盐胁迫下的固氮能力较强，是可应用于盐渍土生物改良的优良树种。本文为盐胁迫条件下利用¹⁵N自然丰度法研究生物固氮作用提供方法参考，对于盐碱地生物治理中植物材料的选择和耐盐树种资源的综合开发利用具有重要意义。